Samacheer 4th Standard Social Science Guide (Term I)

 Unit 1: Kingdoms of Rivers

I. Choose the correct answer. 

1. Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas were called _______.

1. Nayanmars    b) Moovendhargal    c) Kuru nila mannargal

Ans: b) Moovendhargal

2. The efficient king among the Cheras was _________. 

1. Karikalan    b) Valvil Ori    c) Cheran Senguttuvan

Ans: c) Cheran Senguttuvan

3. Port of Cholas was _________. 

1. Kaveri poompattinam    b) Chennai     c) Thondi

Ans: a) Kaveri poompattinam

4. The flag of Pandyas was _________. 

1. Peacock    b) Fish    c) Tiger

Ans: b) Fish

5. The  Vallal (Feudal lord) who gave his chariot to Mullai was ________. 

1. Pari    b) Pehan    c) Adhiyaman

Ans: a) Pari

II. Match the following. 

1. Cheras - Vaigai

2. Cholas - Palar

3. Pandyas - Poigai

4. Pallavas - Cauvery

Ans: 

1. Cheras - Poigai

2. Cholas - Cauvery

3. Pandyas - Vaigai

4. Pallavas - Palar

III. Answer in short. 

1. Who were the greatest kings among the Cheras?

• Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan

• Cheran Senguttuvan

2. Who were Kadai ezhu vallalgal?

Pehan, Pari, Nedumudi Kari, Aai, Athiyaman, nalli, and Valvil Ori. 

3. Tell about the achievements of Karikalan. 

Karikalan invaded Srilanka and brought the captives from there, to build the dam Kallanai across the river Cauvery. 

4. Which was the capital and coastal town of Pallavas?

Capital: Kancheepuram

Coastal town: Mahabalipuram

IV. Who Said?

1. “Yano Arasan, Yanae kalvan”. 

Ans: Pandya Nedunchezhian.

Unit 2: Five Landforms

I. List out. 

1. Write the names of the mountains and the places, where they are located in your district. 

S.No	Mountains	Places
1	Vellingiri	Coimbatore
2	Maruthamalai	Coimbatore

2. Write the name of the trees around your school. 

S.No	Name of the trees
1	Neem tree
2	Palm tree

II. Fill in the blanks. 

1. The vast flat land on the Earth is called Plain. 

2. Kallanai is the fourth oldest water diversion system for irrigation in the world. 

3. Reserve forest is located in Kanyakumari district. 

4. The agricultural land and the area around is called Marutham. 

5. Sundarbans is the biggest mangrove forest in India. 

6. Marina Beach is located in Chennai. 

III. Match the following. 

a) 1. Murugan - Mullai

2. Thirumal - Palai

3. Indiran - Kurinji

4. Varunan - Marutham

5. Kottravai - Neithal

Ans: 

1. Murugan - Kurinji

2. Thirumal - Mullai

3. Indiran - Marutham

4. Varunan - Neithal

5. Kottravai - Palai

b) 1. God - Root gathering

2. Flower - Kuravar, kurathiyar

3. People - Kurinji flower

4. Occupation -  Murugan

Ans: 

1. God - Murugan

2. Flower - Kurinji flower

3. People - Kuravar, Kurathiyar

4. Occupation - Root gathering

IV. Answer in short.

1. Name the people of five thinais.

S.No	Name of Thinais	People
1	Kurinji	Kuravar, Kurathiyar
2	Mullai	Idaiyar, Idaichiyar, Aayar, Aaichiyar
3	Marutham	Uzhavar, Uzaththiyar
4	Neithal	Parathavar (Fisher man)
5	Palai	Eyinar, Eyitriar

2. List four themes of Mullai Land.

• God - Thirumal

• People - Idaiyar, Idaichiyar, Aayar, Aaichiyar

• Occupation - Cattle rearing, Gathering fruits, sowing millets

• Plant / Flower - Guava / Mullai flower

• Musical Instrument - Mullai Yazh

3. What do you know about Sembulam?

The forest region is referred as Mullai land. This region is also called ‘Sembular’ due to the presence of red soi. 

4. How the Palai (dry land) region is formed?

When Kurinji and Mullai region dries up, it forms Palai (Dry land) region. 

5. What are the themes of Palai?

God	Kottravai (Mother Goddess)
People	Eyinar, Eyitriar
Occupation	Cattle lifting
Plant / Flower	Uzhinghai, Palai / Cactus, Iluppai
Animal / Bird	Tiger, Elephant / Eagle
Musical Instrument	Palai yazh

Unit 3: Municipality and Corporation

I. Fill in the blanks. 

1. The oldest Corporation of Tamil Nadu is Chennai.

2. The father of local self government is Lord Rippon.

3. The ‘Balwant Rai Mehta Committee’ recommended a three tier panchayat Raj system in the year 1957.

4. The Tenure of Municipality is five years. 

II. Match the following. 

1. Rural local body - Population exceeds 5000 people

2. Rippon building - Township

3. Neyveli - Grama Panchayat

4. Town Panchayat - Corporation

5. Mayor - Lord Rippon

Ans: 

1. Rural local body - Grama panchayat

2. Rippon building - Lord Rippon

3. Neyveli - Township

4. Town Panchayat - Population exceeds 5000 people

5. Mayor - Corporation

III. Fill in the box. 

S.No		Municipality	Corporation
1	Head	Chairman	Mayor
2	Number	152	21
3	Tenure	5	5
4	Officer	Commissioner	The Indian administrative officers and similar rank holders
5	Revenue	House tax, Road tax, Water tax	Professional Tax

IV. Answer in brief.

1. What are the duties of Corporation?

• Constructing and maintaining city roads.

• Providing drinking water facilities. 

• Disposing garbage. 

• Creating parks and maintaining them. 

2. Write the structure of local bodies?

The structure of the local bodies
Urban local bodies	Rural local bodies
Corporation	District Panchayat
Municipality	Panchayat union
Town Panchayat	Village panchayat

3. How is the President of Municipality elected?

The President and members of Municipalities are selected by the people directly. 

4. What is the total number of Corporations in Tamil Nadu?

There are a total of 21 Corporations in Tamil Nadu.

5. What are the sources of income of Municipality?

• House tax

• Professional tax

• Drinking water tax

• Shop tax

• Road tax

• Drainage tax

Samacheer Science 4th Standard Guide(Term I)

 Unit 1: My Body

I. Pick out the odd one.

1. Heart, legs, brain, kidney

Ans: legs

2. Eyes, ears, fingers, lungs

Ans: lungs

3. Fore brain, mid brain, hind brain, nerves

Ans: nerves

II. Complete the figure with words given in the bracket.

Good Touch:

• Grand parents’ love

• Pat of dad on head

• Parent’s hug and kisses

Bad Touch:

• Kissing on the mouth

• Hitting the buttocks

• Showing awkward pictures

III. Find the answers from the following clues and circle the words. (First one is done for you)

1. An internal organ. Heart

2.Organ that helps us to breathe. Lungs

3. An organ removing wastes from our body. Kidney

4.Unfair and unhealthy touch. Bad touch

5. Everyday we should drink more water.

IV. Say true or false. 

1. Head, hand and legs are internal organs. False

2. Heart is made up of muscles. True

3. Muscles are the soft parts that covers our bones. True

4. Brush your teeth once a day. False

5. Father patting you on your head is a good touch. True

V. Choose the correct answer.

1. _________ is the commanding centre of our body. 

1. Heart    b) Lungs    c)  Kidney    d)  Brain

Ans: d) brain

2. Food is converted to energy in the ________.

1. Neck     b)  heart    c) stomach    d)  nose

Ans: c) stomach

3. Every day we should brush our teeth   ________ times. 

1. One    b)  two    c)  three    d)  four

Ans: b) two

4. Good touch is a fair and _______ touch. 

1. Unhealthy    b)  bad    c)  unsafe    d) healthy

Ans: d) healthy

5. Drink a lot of _________ every day. 

1. Oil     b)  water    c) packed juice    d) salt water

Ans: b) water

VI. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

1. Name the internal organs. 

• Brain

• Lungs

• Heart

• Kidney

• Liver 

2. What are the functions of brain?

• Brain is a commanding centre in our body. 

• Help us to think and perform various actions 

3. List out the food items for healthy mouth and teeth. 

• Take plenty of fruits, vegetables and dairy products. 

• Drink water or milk instead of sugary juices. 

4.How will you take care of your heart and kidney?

• For healthy heart we should avoid fatty food items.

• For healthy kidneys we need to drink a lot of water. 

5.What do you do when some one touches you and you feel uncomfortable?

I will say “don’t touch” in a loud voice. 

VII. Think and answer. 

1. When an unknown person disturbs you, how do you behave? Write in your own words. 

When an unknown person disturbs me i will say “don’t touch” in a loud voice and tell to other people near me about this. 

2. Which organ controls thinking, speaking and learning. Write its three important parts. 

Brain controls thinking, speaking and learning. Brain has three main parts

• Fore brain

• Mid brain and

• Hind brain

Unit 2: Matter and Materials

I. Find the odd one. 

1. Brick, coir, silk cloth, pine apple

Ans: pine apple

2. Stone, rubber band, cycle tube, electric wire

Ans: Stone

3. Sun, candle, torch, pen

Ans: pen

4. Umbrella, sponge, rain coat, jerkin

Ans: sponge

5. Glass bottle, exam pad, paper plate, wooden board

Ans: glass bottle

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Materials which can be compressed or cut easily are called soft materials.

2. Gold and diamond are the examples of shiny materials

3. Materials which can be bent or stretched easily are called flexible materials. 

4. Transparent objects allow all the light to pass through them. 

5. Sun is the natural source that stimulates sight and makes things visible. 

III. Match the following.

1. Light source - glass

2. Waterproof - vegetable oil

3. Transparent - sun

4. Translucent - metal

5. Opaque - rain coat

Ans: 

1.Light source - sun

2. Waterproof - rain coat

3. Transparent - glass

4. Translucent - vegetable oil

5. Opaque - metal

IV. Say True or False.

1. We cannot compress, cut or bend the rough materials easily. True

2. Dull materials reflect light. False

3. Sand paper is a good example for smooth materials. False

4. Opaque objects do not allow light to pass through them. True

5. Mirrors change the direction of light that fall on them. True

V. Answer the following. 

1. When can you say a material is waterproof material?

If the material did not allow water to pass through them, then we can say that the material is waterproof material. 

2. What is a light source?

The objects that give off light are called light sources. 

3. What is the difference between transparent and opaque materials? 

S.No	Transparent materials	Opaque materials
1	Transparent materials allow light to pass through them.	Opaque materials does not allow light to pass through them.
2	E.g: glass and water	E.g: stone and metal

4. Define reflection. 

The bouncing of light by any smooth or polished surface is called reflection. 

5. Classify the objects given below as transparent, translucent or opaque materials. 

(Air, Rock, Water, Aluminium foil, Mirror, Snow, Wooden board, Polythene bag, CD, Oil soaked paper, Glass tumbler and Coloured glass)

Transparent materials	Translucent materials	Opaque materials
Air	Polythene bag	Rock
Water	Oil soaked paper	Aluminium foil
Glass tumbler	Snow	Wooden board
CD	Coloured glass	Mirror

Unit 3: Work and Energy

I. Use the correct word to fill the blanks. 

(Ramp, Simple machines, Work, Energy, Pulley)

1. Work is said to be done when a force is acting on it. 

2. The ability to do work is energy. 

3. Pulley is a machine made up of wheel and rope. 

4. Simple machine help us to make work easier. 

5. An example for inclined plane is ramp. 

II. Rearrange the letters and find out the names of the tools. 

1. EDGEW - WEDGE

2. RLEVE - LEVER

3. EWCRS - SCREW

III. Match. 

1. Class II lever - drawing water

2. Pulley - bicycle

3. Class I lever - but cracker

4. Wheel and axle - wind

5. Renewable resource - seesaw

Ans: 

1. Class II lever - nut cracker

2. Pulley - drawing water

3. Class I lever - seesaw

4. Wheel and axle - bicycle

5. Renewable resource - wind

IV. Classify the things below. 

S.No	Examples	Class of Lever
1	Spade	Class III lever
2	Seesaw	Class I lever
3	Wheel barrow	Class II lever
4	Plier	Class I lever
5	Nail cutter	Class II lever

V. Answer the following. 

1. What is the unit of energy? 

The SI unit of energy is Joule. 

2. Name some simple machines. 

Examples of simple machines are pulley, wedge, inclined plane, screw, lever, wheel and axle. 

3. What is a first order lever? 

When the fulcrum is between the effort and the load, it is known as Class I lever. 

Eg: Scissors, pliers and seesaw. 

4. Lemon juicer belongs to which type of lever? Why?

Lemon juicer belongs to Class II lever, because in lemon juicer the load is between effort and fulcrum. 

5. Define work. 

An action in which one exerts a force to move an object is known as work. 

6. Write any three types of energy.

• Mechanical energy

• Thermal energy

• Light energy

• Solar energy

Unit 4: Science in Everyday Life

I. Choose the correct answer. 

1. Primary source of energy for the young ones of some animals is 

1. Water    b)  fruits    c)  milk    

Ans: c) milk 

2. Vitamin present in milk that helps us to maintain our bones is

1. Vitamin-E    b)  Vitamin-C    c) Vitamin-D

Ans: c) Vitamin-D

3. One of the ancient food items made by human is

1. Noodles    b) cake    c) bread

Ans: c) bread

4. __________ is a raw food. 

1. Cucumber    b)  Chappatti    c)  Bread

Ans: a) cucumber

5. A gadget that plays songs is called 

1. Pen drive    b) camera    c) music player

Ans: c) music player

II. Fill in the blanks. 

1. Cheese and paneer are made from milk.

2. Nutrients are made ready for digestion by cooking. 

III. Match the following. 

1. Music player - communicates with the world. 

2. Smart phone - stores data

3. Electric torch - plays games

4. Pen drive - provides light

5. Tablet - plays music

Ans: 

1. Music player - plays music

2. Smart phone - communicates with the world

3. Electric torch - provides light

4. Pen drive - stores data

5. Tablet - plays games

IV. Answer is an sentence or two. 

1. Name the food products derived from milk. 

• Cheese

• Paneer

• Milk sweets. 

2. Write the names of any three baked foods. 

• Bread

• Biscuit 

• Cake

3. In what ways a smart phone will help you? 

Smart phone uses: 

• Communication

• Ability to access internet

• Store files

• Take photos

• Track location. 

4. What is food? 

• Food is one of the basic needs of our life .

• Food provides energy. 

• It is usually made by cooking plants or animals

• It contains essential nutrients to keep our body healthy. 

V. Answer in detail. 

1. Cooking removes harmful microbes. Write down other benefits of cooking.

Cooking is important because it makes food suitable for consumption. 

Benefits of cooking: 

• Cooking makes nutrients ready for digestion. 

• It helps to make food in the desired texture, flavour and taste. 

• It destroys harmful microbes. 

2. Why should we drink milk? 

Milk: 

Milk is produced by Mammals for nourishing their young ones. Milk from many animals is used by humans. Cow’s milk is used commonly. 

Sources of milk: 

• Mammals

• Soya milk

• Nut and seed based milk

Nutritional Value: 

It contains water, sugar, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals

Health Benefits of Milk: 

• It strengthens bones and teeth. 

• It maintains blood pressure. 

• It reduces the risk of heart disease. 

• It is a source of energy.